#: locale=en
## Action
### URL
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## Media
### Title
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htmlText_2652A329_3057_7F01_41C6_A376B51770A2.html = Konnakkol / Konnakol
Konnakol（亦稱作Konokol、Konakkol、Konnakkol）是南印度卡納蒂克音樂中以口技形式演奏打擊樂節奏音節的藝術。Konnakol是solkattu的口頭表達組成部分，solkattu則是指同時以手指敲擊節拍的方式，結合念誦Konnakol音節。在某些方面，它類似於北印度音樂中的bol，但它允許創作、演奏或傳達節奏。北印度古典音樂中，類似的概念稱為padhant。
Konnakol (also spelled Konokol, Konakkol, Konnakkol) is the art of performing percussion syllables vocally in South Indian Carnatic music. Konnakol is the spoken component of solkattu, which refers to a combination of konnakol syllables spoken while simultaneously counting the tala (meter) with the hand. It is comparable[citation needed] in some respects to bol in Hindustani music, but allows the composition, performance or communication of rhythms. A similar concept in Hindustani classical music is called padhant.
中東鈴鼓
Riq / Riqq / Reqq / Rik
Riq（也稱為Riqq、Reqq、Rik）是中東地區常用的手鈴。它的框架上有5對雙鈴鈴鼓，直徑通常約為9英寸。它用於伴奏土耳其和阿拉伯的古典音樂，也常見於這些地區的民間音樂。在北非地區，有一種直徑較小且使用不同技巧的riq版本。傳統上，riq的框架是木製的，魚皮做成鼓面。有時還會使用複雜的鑲嵌藝術來裝飾框架。
The Riq (also Riqq, Reqq, Rik) is the tambourin played in the Middle-Eastern World. It has 5 double jingle pairs in the frame and is usually somewhere around 9″ in diameter. It is used to accompany classical Turkish and Arabic music, but also common in folk music from these Areas. In North-Afrika there is different version of the riq, smaller in diameter and played with a different technique. Traditionally the riq has a wooden frame and a fishskin head. Sometimes complex inlay artwork is used to decorate the frame.
二十四節令鼓
The 24 Festive Drums
二十四節令鼓（馬來語：Gendang Dua Puluh Empat Perayaan, 英語：24 Festive Drums）是一種結合二十四節氣、書法和廣東獅鼓的鼓藝表演，於1988年由馬來西亞華人陳徽崇和陳再藩共同創立，於2009年成爲馬來西亞國家遺產項目。
The "24 Festive Drums" (Gendang Dua Puluh Empat Perayaan in Malay) is a drum performance that combines the 24 solar terms, calligraphy, and Cantonese lion dance. It was co-founded in 1988 by Malaysian Chinese artists Tan Hooi Song and Tan Chai Puan and was recognized as a Malaysian national heritage project in 2009.
南印度手鼓 / 堪吉拉
Kanjira
kanjira 、khanjira、khanjiri或ganjira是南印度框架鼓，是手鼓家族的一種樂器。作為一種民間和巴贊樂器，它已在印度次大陸使用了多個世紀。
Kanjira在南印度卡納提克音樂中的出現，以及樂器現代形式的發展，都歸功於 Manpoondia Pillai。 1880 年代，Manpoondia Pillai 是一名寺廟提燈人，他想學習擊鼓。他將 Kanjira 改進為帶有一對叮噹的框架鼓，並將樂器帶入了古典舞台。
The kanjira, khanjira, khanjiri or ganjira, a South Indian frame drum, is an instrument of the tambourine family. As a folk and bhajan instrument, it has been used in the Indian subcontinent for many centuries.
The Kanjira's emergence in South Indian Carnatic music, as well as the development of the modern form of the instrument, is credited to Manpoondia Pillai. In the 1880s, Manpoondia Pillai was a temple lantern-bearer who sought to study drumming. He modified the kanjira to a frame drum with a single pair of jingles and brought the instrument to a classical stage.
四物打擊樂
Samul nori
四物打擊樂是流行於韓國、朝鮮和中國朝鮮族聚居區的傳統樂器組隊形式，由鼓、長鼓、鉦（징）和小鑼(꽹과리)四種打擊樂器組成。四物打擊樂源於農樂，是韓國傳統文化的體現。四個樂器分別代表着四位神。鼓是雲神，長鼓是雨神，鉦是風神，小鑼是雷神。四物打擊樂同時也表達陰陽理念。長鼓和鼓代表着大地的聲音，而鉦和小鑼則代表着上天的聲音。
Samul nori (Korean: 사물놀이; lit. four objects play) is a genre of Korean percussion music. It is a modern adaptation of traditional Korean musics, namely the ritual farming music nongak and Korean shamanic music muak, for the indoor stage.
As per its name, samul nori is performed with four traditional Korean musical instruments: a small gong kkwaenggwari, the larger gong jing, an hourglass-shaped drum janggu; and a barrel drum called buk.
塔布拉鼓
Tabla
塔布拉鼓是一件膜鳴樂器和敲擊樂器，常用於印度古典音樂 以及印度、巴基斯坦、阿富汗、尼泊爾、孟加拉、斯里蘭卡以至印度尼西亞的傳統音樂。塔布拉為一對鼓，右手打較高音的鼓，稱為達顏（Dayan），或稱為塔布拉。左手打較低音的鼓，稱為巴顏（Bayan）。以手掌或手指擊奏，擊奏鼓心和鼓邊，不同的擊法會有不同音高。例如以左手掌的根部按壓鼓面，並向前滑動，可以改變鼓膜的壓力和音高。
塔布拉常常在北印度古典音樂中伴奏，演奏者以鼓點（bol）組成節奏型（theka），並在一個不斷循環的阿凡坦（avartan）的基礎上即興演出各種複奏的節奏。
The Tabla is a membranophone and percussion instrument commonly used in Indian classical music as well as traditional music in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. The Tabla consists of a pair of drums. The drum played with the right hand, producing higher pitches, is called the Dayan or Tabla. The drum played with the left hand, producing lower pitches, is called the Bayan. The Tabla is played by striking the drumhead and drum rim with the palms or fingers, and different striking techniques produce different pitches. For example, pressing and sliding the base of the left palm on the drumhead can change the tension and pitch of the membrane.
The Tabla is often used as an accompaniment in North Indian classical music. The performer uses rhythmic syllables known as "bol" to create rhythmic patterns called "theka" and improvises various complex rhythmic compositions based on a cyclic structure called "avartan."
大木魚 Big Woodblock
深波 Deep Gong
太鼓/和太鼓
Wadaiko
和太鼓是一種打擊樂器，是日本傳統太鼓的總稱。它由木製的鼓身和皮革緊張而成，通過震動皮革來發出聲音。
和太鼓自古以來就被用於祭典、神社寺廟的儀式等場合。在藝能領域中，和太鼓被用於神樂、民俗表演，並在中世紀後期用於雅樂、能樂、歌舞伎、念佛舞踊等樂器。
Wadaiko is a percussion instrument that refers to the general category of traditional Japanese drums. It consists of a wooden body with tightly stretched leather, which produces sound through the vibration of the skin.
Wadaiko has been used in various ceremonial occasions such as festivals and shrine rituals since ancient times. In the performing arts, wadaiko is utilized in genres such as Kagura (sacred music and dance), folk performances, as well as in traditional forms like Gagaku (court music), Noh theater, Kabuki, and Buddhist ritual dances.
山西絳州鼓樂
The drum music of Jiangzhou, Shanxi
絳州鼓樂，流行於山西省新絳縣的傳統音樂，是國家級非物質文化遺產之一。
，鼓藝技巧原始純樸卻豐富多變、氣勢渾厚、熱烈豪放、粗獷激昂。
The drum music of Jiangzhou, Shanxi, is a traditional music form popular in Xinjiang County, Shanxi Province. It is recognized as a national-level intangible cultural heritage. The drumming techniques in Jiangzhou Drum Music are primitive yet richly diverse, showcasing a powerful and enthusiastic style that is robust and exuberant.
愛爾蘭手鼓
Bodhran / Bodhrán
bodhrán是一種用於愛爾蘭音樂的框架鼓，直徑範圍從25到65厘米（10-26英寸），大多數鼓直徑為35-45厘米（14-18英寸）。鼓的側面深度為9-20厘米（3+1/2-8英寸）。一塊山羊皮固定在其中一面（有時也會使用合成鼓面或其他動物皮革）。另一面為開放式，可以將一只手放在鼓面內部以控制音高和音色。
框架內可能有一個或兩個交叉橫梁，有時可以拆卸，但在現代樂器上這種設計越來越少見。一些專業的現代博德朗鼓配備了類似於鼓套裝中使用的機械調音系統。通常使用六角扳手來根據氣候條件調節博德朗的鼓面，使其緊或鬆。
The bodhrán is a frame drum used in Irish music ranging from 25 to 65 cm (10–26 in) in diameter, with most drums measuring 35–45 cm (14–18 in). The sides of the drum are 9–20 cm (3+1⁄2–8 in) deep. A goatskin head is tacked to one side (synthetic heads or other animal skins are sometimes used). The other side is open-ended for one hand to be placed against the inside of the drum head to control the pitch and timbre.
One or two crossbars, sometimes removable, may be inside the frame, but this is increasingly rare on modern instruments. Some professional modern bodhráns integrate mechanical tuning systems similar to those used on drums found in drum kits. It is usually with a hex key that the bodhrán skins are tightened or loosened depending on the atmospheric conditions.
戲曲鑼鼓
Opera Gong and Drum
戲曲鑼鼓是指在中國傳統戲曲中使用的打擊樂器，對於提升戲曲表演的戲劇氛圍和節奏起著重要作用。鑼被稱為「鑼」，鼓被稱為「鼓」，它們是中國戲曲樂隊中不可或缺的組成部分。
鑼是一個大型的金屬圓盤，通常由青銅或黃銅製成。當用槌敲擊時，它發出深沉而共鳴的聲音。鑼用於標誌重要時刻、過渡或高潮，增強戲曲的強調效果，並創造壯麗的氛圍。
而鼓則有各種大小和形狀，包括大的低音鼓和較小的小鼓。它使用鼓槌演奏，產生有節奏和動態的聲音。鼓負責提供穩定的節拍，突出行動，並伴隨著歌手和演員的動作。
戲曲鑼鼓一起組成了戲曲的打擊樂部分，支持舞台上的旋律、對白和動作。熟練的戲曲鑼鼓演奏者在創造令人著迷和生動的中國戲曲世界中扮演著重要角色。
Opera Gong and Drum refer to the percussion instruments used in traditional Chinese opera, which play a significant role in enhancing the dramatic atmosphere and rhythm of the performances. The gong, known as "luo," and the drum, known as "gu," are essential components of the Chinese opera orchestra.
The gong is a large metal disc with a raised center, usually made of bronze or brass. It produces a deep and resonant sound when struck with a mallet. The gong is used to mark important moments, transitions, or climaxes in the opera, adding emphasis and creating a sense of grandeur.
The drum, on the other hand, comes in various sizes and shapes, including the large bass drum and smaller snare drums. It is played with drumsticks and produces a rhythmic and dynamic sound. The drum is responsible for providing a steady beat, accentuating actions, and accompanying the singers and actors' movements.
Together, the gong and drum form the backbone of the opera's percussion section, supporting the melodies, dialogues, and movements on the stage. The skilled performers of opera gong and drum play an integral part in creating the captivating and vibrant world of Chinese opera.
手碟
Handpan
手碟，由菲力·霍那（Felix Rohner）與薩賓娜·謝雷（Sabina Schärer）在瑞士伯爾尼於2000年發明的一種打擊樂器，2001年在法蘭克福首次展出亮相。兩個發明人的公司名為PANArt Hangbau AG。手碟常稱為「手碟鼓」或「空靈鼓」（hang drum），但發明者認為這是一種誤稱，嚴重限制了手碟的使用。
該樂器由兩塊深衝壓、氮化處理的半殼狀薄鋼板構成，呈獨特的「飛碟」狀。手碟頂部中央有一個凸點，是上部的基準音「Ding」，圍繞它分佈有七個或八個凹坑稱為"Note"，每個點都有一個音高；手碟底部開有一個稱為「Gu」的邊緣內卷的孔，為低音部，也是用來調音的。
手碟與鋼鼓所涉及的很多基本物理原理是相同的，比較獨特的是手碟還是一個亥姆霍茲共振腔。手碟是在對鋼鼓和其他樂器的多年研究的基礎上創造的。隨着手碟發明者不斷改良它的形狀和材料，已經產生了很多版本的手碟。
Handpan is a percussion instrument invented by Felix Rohner and Sabina Schärer in Bern, Switzerland in the year 2000. It was first showcased in Frankfurt in 2001. The company founded by the inventors is called PANArt Hangbau AG. The Handpan is often referred to as the "handpan drum" or "hang drum," but the inventors consider these terms to be misnomers that severely limit the instrument's usage.
The instrument is constructed from two deep-drawn, nitrided steel sheets, forming a unique "flying saucer" shape. At the center of the top side of the Handpan, there is a protrusion known as the "Ding," which serves as the fundamental note. Surrounding the Ding, there are seven or eight concave depressions called "Notes," each producing a different pitch. The bottom side of the Handpan features a rolled-in edge hole called the "Gu," which functions as both a bass sound chamber and a tuning mechanism.
Many of the fundamental physical principles involved in the Handpan are similar to those of the steelpan, but what sets it apart is its inclusion of a Helmholtz resonance cavity. The Handpan was created based on years of research into steelpan and other instruments. As the inventors continuously refined its shape and materials, various versions of the Handpan have emerged.
打溜子
Playing the Liuzi / Daliuzi
打溜子是土家族地區流傳最廣的一種古老的民間器樂合奏，它歷史悠久，曲牌繁多，技藝精湛，表現力豐富，是土家族獨有的藝術形式。由溜子鑼、頭鈸、二鈸、馬鑼組成的打溜子樂隊，能將各類樂器的技巧融於一體，並充分發揮每件樂器的演奏技藝。一般多由3至4人合奏演出，故有“三人溜子”、“四人溜子”之分。“五人溜子”是後引進漢族吹管樂器嗩吶而成，將吹打結合，更能增添喜慶、歡樂的氣氛。
Playing the Liuzi is the most widely spread ancient folk ensemble in the Tujia ethnic area. It has a long history, a variety of tunes, exquisite skills, and rich expressive power. It is a unique art form of the Tujia people. The Liuzi ensemble consists of Liuzi drums, head cymbals, second cymbals, and horse gongs. It integrates the techniques of various instruments and fully showcases the playing skills of each instrument. Typically, it is performed by a group of 3 to 4 people, hence the distinction of "Three-Person Liuzi" or "Four-Person Liuzi." The "Five-Person Liuzi" was later introduced with the incorporation of the Han ethnic's Suona, a double-reed wind instrument. By combining blowing and percussion, it adds a more festive and joyful atmosphere.
新十番鑼鼓
New Shifan Gong and Drum
裴德義從事打擊樂器演奏多年，用了9年時間研製新十番鑼鼓，為一種新型的綜合性民族打擊樂器。它是由杠杆式組合鑼鼓和一套雲鑼、一套定音鑼、一套排鼓、木魚、吊釵、大鼓等樂器組合而成。以獨特的演奏方法，一個人能演奏達到多人合奏的效果。技巧難度大，表現力豐富，被許多媒體稱為「一個人的鑼鼓隊」。新十番鑼鼓已被中國藝術研究院音樂研究所收編於《中國樂器圖鑒》一書中，從而載入中國樂器史。
Pei Deyi has been engaged in percussion instrument performance for many years and spent 9 years developing the New Shifan Gong and Drum, which is a new type of comprehensive ethnic percussion instrument. It is composed of a combination of lever-operated gongs and drums, along with a set of cloud gongs, a set of tuned gongs, a set of snare drums, woodblocks, suspended cymbals, and a bass drum. With its unique playing technique, one person can achieve the effect of a multi-player ensemble. It requires great technical difficulty and offers rich expressive capabilities, earning it the nickname "One-Person Gong and Drum Troupe" by many media outlets.
The New Shifan Gong and Drum has been included in the "Illustrated Handbook of Chinese Musical Instruments" by the Music Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Arts, thereby making its mark in the history of Chinese musical instruments.
森巴音樂
Samba Percussion/Samba band
一支森巴樂隊通常由小鼓（Tamborims）、小軍鼓（Caixa）、阿哥哥鐘（Agogo bells）、巨鼓（Surdos）、鈴鐺/手鈴（Ganzás / Chocalho，類似沙鈴）、催克鼓（Cuíca）、銅鼓（Timbal）、手鼓（Pandeiro）和高音巨鼓（Repinique）組成。樂隊領隊通常攜帶高音巨鼓，同時使用口哨（Apitos）來指示休息和呼喊。許多桑巴樂隊還添加了其他樂器，如炒鍋樂器（frigideira）、四弦卡瓦基尼奧（cavaquinho）、七弦吉他和小型銅管樂器（小喇叭和長號）。在巴西，一般規定桑巴樂隊至少需要有8名歌手的團體，其中一名主唱提供唱桑巴-恩瑞多（samba-enredo）和其他形式的桑巴音樂所需的和聲。
A Samba band or samba is a musical ensemble that plays samba music. Samba styled music originates from Brazil.
A samba band normally consists of Tamborims , Snare drums (Caixa), Agogo bells, Surdos, Ganzás / Chocalho (shakers), Cuíca, Timbal, Pandeiro, and the Repinique. The band leader often carries a Repinique, as well as using Apitos (whistles) to signal breaks and calls. Other instruments have been added in many samba bands such as frigideira, cavaquinho 4 stringed guitars, 7 stringed guitars and a small brass section (trumpets and trombones). As a general rule in Brazil, a samba band must have a group of a minimum of 8 singers with one lead singer to provide the vocal harmony needed to sing the samba-enredo and other forms of samba music.
樂器名稱:三角鐵
Instrument Name: Triangle
三角鐵是一種簡單但極富表現力的金屬敲擊樂器,由一段金屬棒彎成三角形狀,使用棒子敲擊而發出清脆悅耳的音色。
三角鐵的由來可以追溯到古希臘時期,最早用於宗教儀式和戲劇表演。後來它逐漸被引入歐洲的民間音樂和古典音樂作品中。到19世紀初,三角鐵已成為管弦樂團中不可或缺的樂器。
現代三角鐵通常由高品質的鋼鐵製成,三角形的大小和粗細不同,能夠產生不同的音高。演奏時,樂手握住一根細金屬棒敲擊三角鐵的側面或頂部,擺動的方式和敲擊力度可以產生各種音色效果。
The triangle is a simple yet expressive metal percussion instrument, consisting of a metal rod bent into a triangular shape, which produces a bright, clear, and resonant tone when struck with a metal beater.
The origins of the triangle can be traced back to ancient Greece, where it was used in religious ceremonies and theatrical performances. It was later incorporated into European folk music and classical compositions. By the early 19th century, the triangle had become an essential instrument in the symphony orchestra.
The modern triangle is typically made of high-quality steel, with varying sizes and thicknesses that produce different pitches. Performers hold a thin metal rod and strike the side or the top of the triangle, using various motions and strike intensities to create diverse tonal effects.
響板 Castanet
響板是一種源自西班牙的敲擊樂器,由一對木製或塑料製的半圓形小板塊組成,通過手指夾持和快速移動發出清脆的咔嗒聲。
響板的起源可以追溯到中世紀西班牙。它最初是用於宗教禮儀和民間傳統舞蹈,後來逐漸融入佛朗明哥舞蹈以及其他拉丁音樂形式。19世紀時,響板開始被引入管弦樂團,成為配合西班牙風格音樂的重要元素。
現代響板通常由堅硬木材如櫸木或櫻桃木製成,兩塊板塊的形狀和大小可以有所不同。響板演奏時,樂手將它們夾在拇指和食指之間,快速擺動產生清脆悅耳的節奏聲。不同的拍法和敲擊強度能夠創造出豐富多樣的音色效果。
雖然響板是一件簡單的敲擊樂器,但它在爵士樂、佛朗明哥舞曲和拉丁音樂中扮演著極其重要的角色。它能夠為音樂增添生動的節奏感和濃郁的文化風情,成為一件鮮明標誌性的樂器。
Castanet:
The castanet is a percussion instrument originating from Spain, consisting of a pair of small, half-circular wooden or plastic blocks that are clicked together by holding and rapidly moving them with the fingers, producing a crisp, rhythmic clacking sound.
The castanet's origins can be traced back to medieval Spain. It was initially used in rituals and traditional folk dances, later becoming integral to flamenco dance and other Latin music forms. In the 19th century, the castanet began to be incorporated into symphony orchestras as an important element for Spanish-influenced music.
Modern castanets are typically made of hardwood like beech or cherry, with varying sizes and shapes of the two blocks. When playing, the performer holds the castanets between the thumb and forefinger and quickly moves them, generating a clear, resonant rhythmic sound. Different striking patterns and intensities can create a wide range of tonal effects.
Although a simple percussion instrument, the castanet plays an essential role in jazz, flamenco, and Latin music. It can add a vibrant rhythmic feel and a distinctive cultural flavour to the music, becoming an iconic instrument.
木魚Woodblock
木魚是一種源自東亞地區的敲擊樂器,由一塊中空的木製塊體組成。它最早起源於佛教儀式中的敲打道具,後來在各類音樂中得到廣泛應用。
木魚的形狀通常為長方形或圓柱形,由堅硬的木材(如楓木或柚木)製成。當被敲打時,木魚能發出清脆有力的"咚"或"哢"的聲響。聲音的高低則取決於木塊的大小和厚度。較大的木魚發出較低沉的聲音,而較小的木魚則發出較高亢的音調。
The Woodblock is a percussion instrument originating from East Asian regions, consisting of a hollow wooden block. It was initially used as a ritual striking implement in Buddhist ceremonies, and has since found widespread application across various musical genres.
The Woodblock typically takes the form of a rectangular or cylindrical shape, crafted from dense hardwoods such as maple or rosewood. When struck, the Woodblock produces a sharp, crisp "dong" or "clack" sound. The pitch of the sound is determined by the size and thickness of the wooden block, with larger Woodblocks emitting a lower-pitched tone and smaller ones producing a higher-pitched sound.
樂器名稱:低音大鑼
Instrument Name: Tam Tam
大鑼是一種巨大的金屬打擊樂器,通常呈圓形或半圓形,製造出低沉、神秘的音色。鑼身由黃銅或青銅製成,表面平滑。敲擊鑼身會產生強烈的震盪,發出悠長的餘音。
大鑼源於東南亞地區的古老文化,最初用於宗教和儀式活動。隨著時間的推移,大鑼逐漸被引入到管弦樂團和爵士樂等西方音樂形式中。由於其神秘而富有韻味的音色,大鑼在電影配樂、環境音樂和新時代音樂中也有廣泛的應用。
演奏大鑼通常使用特製的木製鼓槌,輕輕擊打鑼面的不同區域可以產生不同音色。大鑼的音色可以營造出宏大、神祕、寧靜等各種氛圍, 因此在音樂創作中發揮著重要的作用。
The gong is a large, metal percussion instrument that typically takes the form of a circular or semi-circular disc. It produces a deep, mysterious, and resonant tone. The gong's body is made of brass or bronze, with a smooth, even surface.
The origins of the gong can be traced back to ancient cultures in Southeast Asia, where it was originally used in religious and ceremonial rituals. Over time, the gong was gradually incorporated into Western musical forms, such as orchestras and jazz ensembles.
Due to its mystical and evocative tone, the gong has found widespread use in film scores, ambient music, and new age compositions. Gongs are typically played with specialised wooden mallets, with different tones and textures produced by striking various areas of the instrument's surface.
樂器名稱:十面鑼
Instrument Name:Set Gongs
十面鑼是主要流行於中國東南沿海一帶的傳統樂器。它是由多面大小不等，音色音高不同的鑼組成，懸掛在架子上，由一人演奏。沒有嚴格的固定音高，由於音高和音色的不同，力度和節奏的變化，在演奏時能造成豐富熱烈的音響效果，在器樂合奏 鑼鼓曲中常常用到它，是一種色彩性的樂器。
Set Gongs, also known as "shimianluo," is a traditional instrument primarily popular in the coastal regions of southeastern China. It consists of multiple gongs of varying sizes and pitches, suspended on a frame and played by a single person. With no strict fixed pitch, the variations in pitch, tone color, dynamics, and rhythm during performance create a rich and vibrant acoustic effect. It is often used in orchestral compositions and percussion ensembles, adding a colorful element to the music.
樂器名稱:吊鈸
Instrument Name:Suspended Cymbal
吊鈸是一種金屬敲擊樂器,由一個圓形的鑼片組成,懸掛在金屬立架上。當被敲打時,吊鈸會產生長而富有共鳴的聲音。
吊鈸的歷史可以追溯到古代東方文化,最早見於公元前4世紀的亞洲地區。在西方音樂中,吊鈸最早出現在18世紀的管弦樂作品中。隨著時間的推移,吊鈸逐漸成為樂隊中不可或缺的敲擊樂器。
現代吊鈸通常由合金(如青銅或黃銅)製成,表面可能被加工處理以產生不同質地的音色。演奏時,樂手使用鼓槌或手指輕敲鈸片,可以產生不同的音效,如嘶嘶聲、長餘音等。
The suspended cymbal is a metal percussion instrument consisting of a circular metal plate or disc that is suspended from a metal stand. When struck, the suspended cymbal produces a long, resonant, and sustained sound.
The history of the suspended cymbal can be traced back to ancient Eastern cultures, with the earliest known examples dating back to the 4th century BC in Asia. In Western music, the suspended cymbal first appeared in orchestral compositions from the 18th century. Over time, it has become an indispensable percussion instrument in musical ensembles.
Modern suspended cymbals are typically made from alloys such as bronze or brass, and their surfaces may be treated or hammered to produce different tonal qualities. They are played by striking the cymbal plate with drumsticks or using the fingers to create a variety of effects, including hissing, swelling, and long decay.
對鈸/大鈸 Crash Cymbals
對鈸,也稱大鈸,是一種常見的敲擊樂器,廣泛應用於西方流行音樂、搖滾樂、爵士樂等多種音樂類型。
對鈸由兩片薄金屬圓盤組成,通常是銅製的。演奏時將兩片鈸相撞,發出特徵性的響亮聲響,帶有爆發性和穿透力。這種聲音通常用來強調樂曲的高潮部分或節奏變化。
對鈸的大小和厚度會影響其音色特徵。較大和較厚的鈸會產生更低沉的聲音,持續時間也較長。較小和較薄的鈸則會發出更清脆、更簡短的聲響。演奏者可根據需求選擇不同尺寸的對鈸。
除了直接相撞的演奏方式,對鈸還可以採用擦拭、拋擲等多種技巧來產生不同的音色效果。熟練的敲擊樂手能夠運用各種演奏方法,在節奏和音色上創造出豐富多變的表現。
Crash cymbals are a common percussion instrument widely used in Western popular music, rock, and jazz.
Crash cymbals consist of two thin, circular metal discs, typically made of bronze. When the two cymbals are struck together, they produce a characteristic loud, penetrating sound with a sense of explosion and intensity. This sound is often used to accentuate the climactic moments or rhythmic changes in a musical composition.
The size and thickness of the cymbals can affect their tonal characteristics. Larger and thicker cymbals tend to produce a deeper, more sustained sound, while smaller and thinner cymbals have a brighter, more abrupt sound. Performers can choose different sizes of crash cymbals to suit their musical needs.
In addition to the direct striking technique, crash cymbals can also be played using various techniques, such as scraping, choking, and throwing, to create different timbral effects. Skilled percussionists can utilize a range of playing methods to produce a rich and varied rhythmic and sonic expression.
高帽鈸/踩鑔 Hi-Hat
高帽鈸是一種由兩個金屬鈸組成的敲擊樂器,是爵士鼓和現代打擊樂中最常見和重要的元素之一。
高帽鈸由一對不同大小的鈸組成,上方的鈸叫上鈸,下方的鈸叫下鈸。這兩個鈸通過一根連桿連接,腳踏板可以使上下鈸之間開合,產生不同的聲音效果。
The Hi-Hat is a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of metal cymbals, and is one of the most common and essential elements in the jazz drum kit and modern percussion setups.
The Hi-Hat is made up of two cymbals of different sizes, with the upper cymbal referred to as the "top hat" and the lower cymbal as the "bottom hat." These two cymbals are connected by a central rod, and a foot pedal allows the upper and lower cymbals to be opened and closed, producing a variety of sound effects.
樂器名稱:四排木琴
Instrument Name:4-Row Xylophone
四排木琴，自18世紀末開始存在。在19世紀30年代，約瑟夫·古西科夫（Josef Gusikow）的表演使其在歐洲非常受歡迎。
木琴的音條以四排排列，從大到小，形成梯形排列。演奏者站在大音條的一端，較小的音條則位於較遠的位置，用湯匙形狀的敲擊器敲擊音條。
這種樂器的音域為3.5個八度，從G到Cis，其中C-sharp和F-natural兩個音高在樂器的兩側重複出現。這個樂器有50個音條（包括重複的音高）。詳細顯示使用德語的“is”來標記音鍵的細節。“B”是英文Bb的德語音高名稱，而“H”是英文B的德語名稱。
The Continental, or four-row xylophone, has existed since the late 1700s. It became extremely popular in Europe through performances by Josef Gusikow in the 1830s.
The bars are arranged in four rows, from large to small, which produces a trapezoid arrangement. The performer stands at the end of the large bars, the smaller ones being farthest away, striking the bars with spoon-shaped beaters.
This instrument has a chromatic range of 3 1/2 octaves, G to Cis, with two pitches (C-sharp and F-natural) duplicated on either side of the instrument . The instrument has 50 bars (including the duplicated pitches). Detail showing the labeling of the keys using the German “is” for “sharp”.The “B” is the German pitch name for the English Bb, and the “H” is the German name for the English B.
樂器名稱:大堂鼓
Instrument Name:Chinese Bass Drum / Big Tanggu
大堂鼓（又稱大鼓、大通鼓），置於木架上，以兩根鼓棒敲擊，音色低沉而厚實。
Chinese Bass Drum, placed on a wooden frame, is played by striking it with two drumsticks. It produces a deep and resonant tone.
樂器名稱:大鼓
Instrument Name:Bass Drum
大鼓是一種低音敲擊樂器, 通常是一個巨大的圓筒形鼓體, 兩側均有鼓皮。大鼓通常用於提供低音節奏的支撐, 在管弦樂團、爵士樂、搖滾樂等流派中都扮演著非常重要的角色。
大鼓的起源可以追溯到古代各種文化中的祭祀和儀式用鼓。隨著音樂的發展,大鼓逐漸被納入到現代管弦樂團和爵士樂隊的編制中。通常由一名鼓手使用鼓槌擊打鼓面來演奏。
大鼓通常由木材製成鼓體,鼓皮則由動物皮革或合成材料製成。它可以產生低沉厚重的音色,適合用於強調節奏基礎和提供低音支撐。
The bass drum is a large, deep, cylindrical percussion instrument with drumheads on both ends. It is a low-pitched drum that plays a crucial role in providing a foundational rhythmic support in orchestras, jazz bands, rock ensembles, and many other musical genres.
The origins of the bass drum can be traced back to various cultural rituals and ceremonies throughout history. As music evolved, the bass drum was gradually incorporated into the instrumentation of modern orchestras and jazz groups. It is typically played by a drummer using large wooden mallets to strike the drumhead.
The bass drum is usually constructed with a wooden shell and drumheads made of animal skin or synthetic material. It produces a deep, resonant tone that is well-suited for emphasizing the rhythmic foundation and providing low-end support.
樂器名稱:天巴鼓
Instrument Name:Timbale
天巴鼓是一種源自古巴的圓筒形小鼓,在拉丁音樂和其他音樂風格中扮演重要角色。
天巴鼓由兩個不同大小的金屬圓筒鼓體組成,通常由銅或鋼製成。鼓體的頂部蓋有牛皮或合成材料製成的鼓面。演奏時,使用鼓棒或手直接擊打鼓面,能夠產生清晰的金屬敲擊聲。
天巴鼓的兩個鼓體的大小不同,能夠產生具有不同音高的聲音。較大的鼓體發出較低沉的聲音,較小的鼓體則發出較高的聲音。這種音高對比賦予了天巴鼓獨特的音色特徵。
Timbales are a pair of small, tuned, metal-shelled drums that originated in Cuba and play a significant role in Latin music and other musical styles.
Timbales consist of two differently sized metal drums, typically made of copper or steel. The tops of the drums are covered with a drumhead made of cowhide or synthetic material. The player strikes the drumheads directly with drum sticks or their hands, producing a clear, metallic percussive sound.
The two drums of different sizes in the timbales allow for the production of contrasting pitches. The larger drum produces a lower-pitched sound, while the smaller drum produces a higher-pitched sound. This pitch contrast gives the timbales their distinctive tonal character.
樂器名稱:定音鼓
Instrument Name:Timpani
定音鼓是一種大型銅製鼓,由一個半圓球形的鼓體和一個可調音的鼓面組成。演奏時通過改變鼓面的張力來調整音高,使其可以播放多個不同的音高。
定音鼓的歷史可以追溯到中世紀,最早是用於宗教音樂和軍事用途。隨著管弦樂隊的發展,定音鼓逐漸被融入到古典音樂中,成為管弦樂隊中不可或缺的重要樂器。
定音鼓通常由5-6個不同大小的鼓組成,每個鼓可通過腳踏式的調音裝置調整音高。演奏時鼓手可以用定音鼓槌擊打鼓面,製造出不同的音色和力度變化。
定音鼓的聲音特徵是低沉、渾厚而又定音清晰。不同大小的定音鼓可以演奏出豐富的音域,從低沉的低音到高亢的中高音都有涵蓋。它們在管弦樂團中承擔了重要的節奏和和聲支撐角色。
定音鼓在古典音樂、歌劇、電影配樂等多種音樂場合中扮演關鍵角色。它們不僅能創造震撼力十足的效果,還可以細膩地描繪音樂的情感張力。現代音樂家經常將定音鼓與其他敲擊樂器結合使用。
Timpani, also known as kettledrums, are large, bowl-shaped copper drums with adjustable pitch. The pitch of a timpano can be changed by adjusting the tension of the drumhead, allowing the performer to play a range of pitches on a single drum.
The timpani has a long history, tracing back to the Middle Ages, where it was used in religious and military music. As the modern symphony orchestra developed, the timpani became an integral and indispensable part of the classical music ensemble.
A standard timpani setup typically consists of 5-6 differently sized drums, each of which can be tuned using a foot-operated mechanism. Performers strike the drumheads with timpani mallets to produce a wide range of timbres and dynamic variations.
The sound of the timpani is characterised as deep, rich, and clearly pitched. The varying sizes of the drums cover a wide range, from low, rumbling bass to high, ringing tones. Timpani play a crucial rhythmic and harmonic support role within the symphony orchestra.
Timpani are essential in classical music, opera, and film scores, where they can create a powerful, dramatic impact, as well as subtly underscore the emotional tension of the music. Contemporary musicians often integrate timpani with other percussion instruments.
樂器名稱:小堂鼓
Instrument Name:Small Drum / Small Tanggu
小堂鼓（又稱小鼓、小通鼓、高音鼓）體積比大堂鼓瘦、小、矮，音色比大堂鼓高昂、集中。
Small Tanggu is smaller, slimmer, and shorter in size compared to the Cinese bass drum. It produces a higher-pitched and more focused tone than the bass drum.
樂器名稱:小軍鼓
Instrument Name:Snare Drum
小軍鼓是一種常見的敲擊樂器,由一個圓筒形的鼓體和兩個鼓面組成,下鼓面上方有一組金屬絲條。當鼓面被擊打時,金屬絲條會與鼓面產生共振,產生令人興奮的砰咚聲效。
小軍鼓最初起源於軍隊,用於向士兵傳遞指令和節奏。後來它被引入管弦樂隊和流行音樂,成為最常見的打擊樂器之一。
現代小軍鼓通常由木材或金屬製成,鼓體直徑約14-16英寸,深度約5-8英寸。金屬絲條的張力和數量可以調整,以控制音色的特點。演奏時,樂手使用鼓槌在鼓面上敲打,同時可以用手來控制金屬絲條的振動。
小軍鼓在管弦樂、爵士樂、搖滾樂和流行音樂中扮演著關鍵角色。它能夠為音樂增添強烈的節奏感和動感,同時也可以營造出細膩的音色效果。小軍鼓是最能表現出節奏和節拍的敲擊樂器之一。
The snare drum is a common percussion instrument consisting of a cylindrical drum body with two drum heads, with a set of metal wires, called snares, stretched across the bottom drum head. When the drum head is struck, the vibrating snares create an exciting, crackling sound effect.
The snare drum originated in military use, serving to communicate commands and rhythms to soldiers. It was later incorporated into orchestras and popular music, becoming one of the most ubiquitous percussion instruments.
The modern snare drum is typically made of wood or metal, with a diameter of around 14-16 inches and a depth of 5-8 inches. The snare wires' tension and number can be adjusted to control the distinctive tonal characteristics. Performers use drum sticks to strike the drum head, while also using their hands to control the snare wire vibrations.
The snare drum plays a crucial role in orchestral, jazz, rock, and pop music. It can add a powerful, rhythmic drive to the music, while also providing nuanced tonal effects. The snare drum is one of the most expressive percussion instruments for conveying rhythm and tempo.
樂器名稱:康加鼓
Instrument Name:Conga
康加鼓是一種源自古巴的圓筒形敲擊樂器,在拉丁音樂、爵士音樂和流行音樂中扮演著重要角色。
康加鼓由一個短筒形的木製鼓體組成,鼓體上蓋有一塊牛皮或山羊皮的鼓面。演奏時,使用手掌和手指在鼓面上擊打,可以產生不同音高和音色的敲擊聲響。
康加鼓有不同尺寸,從小型的 Quinto 到大型的 Tumba,每個尺寸的音色略有不同。較小的康加鼓發出較高昂的音色,較大的則有較低沉的音質,從而在整套康加鼓組合中產生豐富的聲響層次。
康加鼓的演奏技巧相當複雜,包括單音敲擊、雙連擊、拍打、滾奏等多種演奏方法。熟練的演奏者能夠靈活運用這些技巧,即興創作出複雜多變的節奏圖案。
The conga is a cylindrical percussion instrument that originated in Cuba, and it plays a vital role in Latin music, jazz, and popular music.
The conga drum consists of a short, barrel-shaped wooden drum body with a head made of cowhide or goatskin. The player strikes the drumhead with their palms and fingers to produce a variety of pitch and timbral sounds.
Congas come in different sizes, ranging from the smaller Quinto to the larger Tumba, with each size producing a slightly different tone. The smaller congas have a higher-pitched sound, while the larger ones have a deeper, lower-pitched tone, creating a rich and varied sonic palette when played as a set.
The playing techniques for the conga are quite complex, including single strokes, double strokes, slaps, and rolls, among others. Skilled performers can creatively employ these techniques to improvise intricate and ever-changing rhythmic patterns.
樂器名稱:廣東獅鼓
Instrument Name:Guangdong Lion Drum
廣東獅鼓是單面鼓，內含鼓膽八個，這是它最大的特色。材質以較硬的牛皮為鼓面。 廣東獅鼓的打法種類及變化，要較其它獅種的鼓法來得多，基本上配合基本舞獅的動作，也可略分為幾個基本鼓法：三拜獅鼓、高獅鼓、低獅鼓、三拋獅鼓。 獅子舞什麼動作，就打什麼鼓音；相對的，獅子聽到什麼樣的鼓音，就舞什麼動作；獅與鼓之間必須配合的天衣無縫。
Guangdong Lion Drum is a single-sided drum with eight drumheads, which is its most prominent feature. The drumhead is typically made of hard cowhide. The playing techniques and variations of Guangdong Lion Drum are more diverse compared to other lion drum styles. It is generally coordinated with the movements of the lion dance and can be categorized into several basic drumming techniques: Three Bows Lion Drum, High Lion Drum, Low Lion Drum, and Three Throws Lion Drum. The drumming corresponds to the lion's actions, and conversely, the lion responds to the specific drumming sounds. The seamless coordination between the lion and the drum is essential.
樂器名稱:排鼓
Instrument name:paigu
排鼓出現於1960年代初，根據民間常用的中型堂鼓和腰鼓改革製作而成。
排鼓由五個大小不同、發音有別的鼓組成一套。鼓身高29至33.3釐米，上口面直徑16.7至37釐米，下口面直徑11.7至37釐米。
paigu emerged in the early 1960s, created by reforming commonly used medium-sized and waist drums in folk music.
paigu consists of a set of five drums of varying sizes and tones. The drum bodies are 29 to 33.3 centimeters tall, with top surface diameters ranging from 16.7 to 37 centimeters, and bottom surface diameters ranging from 11.7 to 37 centimeters.
樂器名稱:新疆手鼓
Instrument name:Xinjiang hand drum
新疆手鼓又稱達卜。達卜是以其音響命名。達卜：因敲擊時發出「達」、「卜」兩種音響而得名。手鼓是新疆各族人民慶祝豐收、節慶的常用樂器。
Xinjiang hand drum is also called Daf. Daf is named after its sound. Daf: It is named after the two sounds "Da" and "Bu" produced when struck. Xinjiang hand drum is a common musical instrument used by people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang to celebrate harvests and festivals.
樂器名稱:木琴
Instrument Name: Xylophone
木琴是一種由一排木製音板組成的打擊樂器。當這些木板被敲擊時,會發出清晰、明亮的音色。木琴的音域通常位於中音至高音範圍,其特點是音色乾淨、富有共鳴。
木琴的起源可以追溯到古代各種文化, 最早的使用實例見於公元前2000年的非洲和亞洲文化。隨著時間的推移,木琴逐漸被引入到西方音樂中,並成為管弦樂團、爵士樂隊和其他流派中常見的敲擊樂器。
The xylophone is a percussion instrument consisting of a series of wooden bars or keys arranged in the manner of a piano keyboard. When these wooden bars are struck, they produce a clear, bright, and resonant tone.
The origins of the xylophone can be traced back to ancient cultures in Africa and Asia, with the earliest recorded use dating back to around 2000 BC. Over time, the xylophone was gradually introduced into Western music, becoming a common percussion instrument in orchestras, jazz bands, and various other musical genres.
The modern xylophone is typically composed of a row of rectangular wooden bars, with resonating tubes or chambers placed underneath to amplify the volume and sustain of the sound. The instrument is played by a musician using mallets, either made of wood or synthetic materials, to strike the bars.
樂器名稱:木箱鼓
Instrument Name:Cajon
木箱鼓是一種源自秘魯的箱形敲擊樂器,在拉丁音樂、流行音樂和其他音樂風格中都有廣泛應用。
木箱鼓由一個長方形的木製箱體構成,通常由松木或其他硬木製成。箱體的正面有一個開口,由一塊薄木板或皮革製成的鼓面蓋在開口上。演奏時,演奏者會用手掌或手指敲擊鼓面,產生低沉、鼓腔般的敲打聲。
木箱鼓的獨特之處在於,它能夠同時產生低音、中音和高音三種音色。這是由於箱體內部的共鳴腔和鼓面的材質設計所致。演奏者可以靈活運用各種敲擊技巧,如拍打、滾奏、彈奏等,創造出複雜多變的節奏效果。
The cajon is a box-shaped percussion instrument that originated in Peru, and it has been widely used in Latin music, popular music, and various other musical styles.
The cajon consists of a rectangular wooden box, typically made of pine or other hardwood. The front of the box has an opening, which is covered by a thin wooden or leather panel that serves as the drumhead. When played, the performer slaps the drumhead with their palms or fingers, producing a deep, drum-like percussive sound.
The unique feature of the cajon is its ability to produce low, mid, and high-pitched tones simultaneously. This is achieved through the resonant cavity inside the box and the design of the drumhead material. Performers can utilize a variety of striking techniques, such as slapping, rolling, and snapping, to create complex and varied rhythmic patterns.
樂器名稱:木頭鼓
Instrument Name:Log Drum
木頭鼓是一種最簡單的敲擊樂器之一,由一段中空的木頭圓柱體構成。這種樂器在許多原始部落和古老文化中普遍使用,被視為最基本的節奏樂器之一。
木頭鼓的製作非常簡單,通常只需要一段中空的木頭塊,再在一端開一個孔洞即可。演奏時,演奏者用手或棍敲擊木頭鼓的開口處,就能發出低沉而有力的鼓聲。
木頭鼓的音質具有濃厚的自然質感,帶有木材特有的渾厚韻味。由於材質和結構的簡單性,每個木頭鼓的音色也會略有不同,這種獨特性使得它們成為很多音樂文化的標誌性樂器。
The log drum is one of the simplest percussion instruments, consisting of a hollow, cylindrical wooden log. This type of instrument has been widely used in many indigenous tribes and ancient cultures, and is considered one of the most fundamental rhythmic instruments.
The construction of a log drum is very straightforward, typically requiring only a hollowed-out section of a wooden log with an opening at one end. When played, the performer strikes the open end of the drum with their hands or mallets, producing a deep and powerful drumming sound.
The tone quality of the log drum has a rich, natural character, with the inherent warmth and resonance of the wooden material. Due to the simplicity of the materials and structure, each log drum has a slightly unique sound, and this distinctive quality has made them iconic instruments in many musical cultures.
火箭鼓/八音鼓 Octoban
火箭鼓,又名八音鼓,是一種由八個小型圓筒形鼓體組成的敲擊樂器。它源自東南亞,在當地音樂和世界音樂中都有重要應用。
八個鼓體通常由金屬或塑料製成,尺寸較小,可手持操作。每個鼓體有不同的音高,演奏時能夠產生八種不同的音調。這種多重音高的特點使得八音鼓能夠演奏出複雜的旋律和和聲。
八音鼓的演奏方式包括使用手掌或鼓棒直接敲擊每個鼓體。熟練的演奏者可以靈活地在不同鼓體之間快速切換,創造出節奏密集而富變化的音樂效果。
The Octoban is a percussion instrument consisting of a set of eight small, cylindrical drums. It originated in Southeast Asia and has found significant applications in local and world music.
The eight drum bodies are typically made of metal or plastic and are relatively small in size, allowing for handheld operation. Each drum body produces a different pitch, enabling the Octoban to span a musical range of eight distinct tones. This multi-pitch capability allows the Octoban to be used for playing intricate melodies and harmonies.
The Octoban is played by striking each drum body directly with the palms or drum sticks. Skilled performers can quickly switch between the different drums, creating a dense and varied rhythmic effect.
鐵砧/制動鼓 Anvil/Brake Drum
鐵砧是一種由金屬製成的敲擊樂器,演奏時通過用錘子或其他工具敲擊鐵砧本體來產生悶響。鐵砧最初是用於金屬加工,但後來也被音樂家使用於各種音樂演奏中。
除了傳統的鐵砧外,制動鼓也被視為一種鐵砧類樂器。制動鼓是來自汽車的鼓式制動器外殼,也可以用於敲擊產生沉重、深沉的金屬敲擊聲。
鐵砧和制動鼓的聲音特點是低沉、渾厚、金屬質感強烈。演奏時可以用錘子、鐵棒或其他工具敲擊,並可以通過敲擊位置和力度的變化來創造不同的音色效果。
這些樂器在爵士音樂、民俗音樂和實驗音樂中都有廣泛使用。它們可以增加音樂的工業感和原始感,為作品增添厚重、剛勁的韻味。
The anvil is a metal percussion instrument that produces a dull, resonant sound when struck with a hammer or other tool. Anvils were originally tools used in metalworking, but have since been adopted by musicians for various musical performances.
In addition to the traditional anvil, the brake drum is also considered a type of anvil-like instrument. Brake drums, which are the metal housings of automobile disc brakes, can also be used as percussion instruments, creating a deep, heavy, metallic sound when struck.
The distinctive sound of the anvil and brake drum is characterized as low, rich, and intensely metallic. They can be played by striking them with hammers, metal rods, or other tools, and the varied attack points and striking forces can produce a range of timbres.
These instruments are widely used in jazz, folk, and experimental music styles, adding an industrial, primal quality that lends weight and grit to the music.
樂器名稱:木魚
Instrument Name:Templeblock
木魚是一種源於中國佛教傳統的敲擊樂器,主要用於宗教儀式和禪修活動。它由一塊木頭或其他堅硬材質製成。
木魚的演奏方式是用錘子或雙棒敲擊木塊表面,發出低沉、悶響的聲音。這種聲音被認為有助於引導專注、平靜心智,因此在禪修和宗教場合中廣泛使用。
The templeblock is a percussion instrument that originates from the Buddhist tradition in China. It is primarily used in religious ceremonies and meditation practices.
The templeblock is made of wood or other hard material. To play the instrument, the performer strikes the surface of the wooden block with a mallet or a pair of wooden beaters, producing a deep, muffled sound.
The sound of the templeblock is believed to help focus the mind and facilitate a calm, meditative state, making it an integral part of Buddhist rituals and contemplative practices.
樂器名稱:板鼓 / 單皮鼓 / 班鼓
Instrument Name:Bangu
鼓板為單皮鼓和檀板兩種樂器的組合，為戲曲樂隊的指揮樂器。鼓板由鼓師一人負責掌握。鼓板常用於崑劇、京劇、越劇等戲曲的伴奏。
鼓板(檀板)由3塊板組成，為主要的節奏樂器之一。板鼓(單皮鼓)，為打擊樂器。板鼓為形體矮小的單面鼓，鼓身用硬質木料製作。
The term guban (Chinese: 鼓板; pinyin: gǔbǎn) refers collectively to a small drum and paiban (clapper), which are played simultaneously, by a single player, in traditional Chinese music.
The drum, which may be a bangu or some other type of drum with a high-pitched head of small diameter, is played with a stick that is held in one hand, and the clapper, which is called pāibǎn (拍板), bǎn (板), tánbǎn (檀板, literally "sandalwood clapper"), mùbǎn (木板), or shūbǎn (书板), is played by the other hand. The clapper consists of two flat pieces of hardwood (either zitan, hongmu, or hualimu rosewood) or bamboo that are tied loosely together on one end. It is held vertically by one hand and clapped together, producing a sharp clacking sound. Somewhat confusingly, the clapper is sometimes also referred to, without the drum, as guban.
樂器名稱:沙槌
Instrument Name: Maracas
沙槌是一種典型的拉丁音樂敲擊樂器,它由一對與手握持的柄連接的球形容器組成。這些容器內填充著小顆粒,通常是豆子、小石子或金屬珠子,當搖動時會發出富有節奏感的沙沙聲。
沙槌起源於古代的加勒比地區,最早被用於宗教儀式和部落舞蹈。隨後,它逐漸融入到拉丁音樂中,成為許多熱帶音樂流派如賽爾薩、倫巴和桑巴的標誌性打擊樂器。
現代的沙槌通常由各種木材、塑料或金屬製成。它們可以有不同的尺寸和形狀,以產生不同的音色和音量。演奏時,手持兩個沙槌,上下擺動或旋轉,使內部顆粒快速移動,產生一種有活力、富節奏感的清脆聲響。
沙槌簡單易用,可以為音樂增添生命力和鼓舞感。它在拉丁音樂、流行音樂和世界音樂中都扮演著重要角色,為樂團帶來了鼓舞人心的節奏效果。沙槌的獨特聲音也常被用於電影配樂、電子音樂和兒童音樂等領域。
Maracas:
Maracas are a typical Latin music percussion instrument, consisting of a pair of ball-shaped containers attached to handle grips. These containers are filled with small pellets, usually beans, pebbles, or metal beads, which produce a rhythmic, rattling sound when shaken.
The maracas originate from the ancient Caribbean region, where they were first used in religious rituals and tribal dances. Over time, they became integrated into Latin music, becoming a signature percussion instrument in many tropical music genres, such as salsa, rumba, and samba.
Modern maracas are typically made of various types of wood, plastic, or metal. They can come in different sizes and shapes to produce varied tones and volumes. To play, the performer holds a pair of maracas and shakes them up and down or rotates them, causing the internal pellets to move rapidly and create a lively, rhythmic, crisp sound.
Maracas are simple to use and can add vitality and a driving feel to music. They play an important role in Latin music, popular music, and world music, bringing an energising rhythmic effect to ensembles. The unique sound of the maracas is also commonly used in film scores, electronic music, and children's music.
刮瓜 Guiro
刮瓜是一種由空心的瓜瓣或其他材質製成的敲擊樂器。演奏時,用刮棒在瓜身上滑動或刮擦,產生獨特的簌簌聲。
刮瓜最初出現於拉丁美洲,是許多拉丁音樂流派中不可或缺的樂器。它在音樂中擔任重要的節奏和打擊角色,為樂曲增添了濃郁的拉丁風情。
刮瓜通常由硬質木材、竹子、塑料或金屬製成。瓜身上有縱向的溝槽或凹痕,刮棒在溝槽上滑動時會產生特殊的沙沙聲。演奏時可以用單手或雙手持刮棒滑動或敲擊。
刮瓜的音色被描述為粗糙、乾燥、節奏感強烈。它能為樂曲增添律動感和民俗風情。不同材質的刮瓜會產生略有不同的音色,例如木製的會有較暖和沉穩的聲音,金屬製的則更清脆有力。
The guiro is a percussion instrument made from a hollowed-out gourd or similar material. It is played by scraping a stick or comb across the grooved surface of the gourd, producing a distinctive, rasping sound.
The guiro originated in Latin America and has become an essential instrument in many Latin music genres. It plays an important rhythmic and percussive role, adding a strong Latin flavour to the music.
Guiros are typically made of hardwood, bamboo, plastic, or metal. The body of the guiro has a series of parallel grooves or ridges, and the scraping motion of the stick or comb across these grooves creates the characteristic scratchy sound. The instrument can be played with one hand or two, using a specialised scraper.
The sound of the guiro is often described as rough, dry, and highly rhythmic. It can add a sense of propulsive rhythm and folkloric character to the music. The material used to make the guiro can affect the timbre, with wooden versions having a warmer, more resonant sound, and metal versions sounding brighter and more powerful.
樂器名稱:潮州鑼鼓
Instrument name:Chaozhou Luogu / Chaozhou Gongs and Drum
潮州鑼鼓是廣東潮州的民間傳統器樂吹打樂的一種，流行於粵東一帶。原是一種演奏弦詩樂為主的小型吹打，後來吸取戲曲音樂加工發展而成。潮州鑼鼓分潮州大鑼鼓、潮州小鑼鼓及潮州蘇鑼鼓等多種，其中以潮州大鑼鼓最為著名。
Chaozhou gong and drum is a traditional folk instrumental ensemble from Chaozhou, Guangdong, popular in the eastern region of Guangdong Province. Originally, it was a small wind and percussion ensemble primarily used to accompany recitations of classical poetry, but it later incorporated elements from operatic music and underwent further development. Chaozhou gong and drum ensemble consists of various instruments, including Chaozhou big gong, Chaozhou small gong, and Chaozhou su gong, with the Chaozhou big gong being the most famous among them.
樂器名稱:磬
Instrument Name:Qing / Standing bell
磬，佛教寺院中所使用的一種樂器和法器，也叫做法磬、僧磬。現在瑜伽圈另稱頌缽。
The Qing, also known as the wooden fish or mokugyo, is a musical instrument and ritual tool used in Buddhist temples. It is also referred to as the "faqing" or "sengqing." In the yoga community, it is sometimes called a singing bowl or meditation bowl.
樂器名稱:管鐘
Instrument Name:Chimes
管鐘是一種由一排金屬管子組成的敲擊樂器。它源於亞洲和歐洲的寺廟和宮殿中的宗教習俗,後來逐漸在西方音樂中得到廣泛應用。
管鐘由一組垂直排列的金屬管子組成,管子的長度和直徑會影響到所發出的音高。較長的管子產生較低沉的音調,而較短的管子則發出較高亢的聲音。當管鐘被敲擊時,每根管子會發出清脆悅耳的金屬音。
Chimes are a percussion instrument composed of a series of vertically aligned metal tubes. Originating from the religious practices and palace music of Asia and Europe, chimes have since become widely integrated into Western music.
A set of chimes consists of a range of metal tubes of varying lengths and diameters, which determine the pitches produced. Longer tubes generate lower-pitched tones, while shorter tubes emit higher-pitched sounds. When the chimes are struck, each tube resonates with a clear, melodic metallic sound.
樂器名稱:腰鼓
Instrument Name:Waist drum
腰鼓是中國漢族古老的民族打擊樂器。腰鼓的演奏與舞蹈動作緊密結合，稱為腰鼓舞。最初流行於陝北的安塞、橫山、米脂、子洲等地，以安塞、橫山最為普及，後來在全中國發展流行，是人民羣眾喜聞樂見的一種表演形式。腰鼓在民間十分盛行，人們跳着腰鼓舞，變換隊形，或行走或在一個場地內邊舞邊敲。同時，也用於民間秋歌舞。在表演的形式和技巧上，變化極為豐富。
Waist drum is an ancient ethnic percussion instrument of the Han Chinese in China. The playing of the waist drum is closely intertwined with dance movements, known as waist drum dance. It originated in the northern Shaanxi region, particularly in An'sai, Hengshan, Mizhi, Zizhou, with An'sai and Hengshan being the most popular. It later gained popularity and spread throughout China, becoming a widely enjoyed form of performance by the people. Waist drum is prevalent in folk culture, where people dance and perform with waist drums, changing formations, either walking or dancing while playing. It is also used in folk autumn songs and dances. The forms and techniques of performance exhibit a rich variety.
樂器名稱:花盆鼓
Instrument name:Medium Drum / Flowerpot Drum
是大堂鼓的一種，外形上寬下窄、鼓面大而底座小，兩面蒙以牛皮，狀似花盆，因而得名。
It is a type of Cinese bass drum, characterized by its wide top and narrow bottom, with a large drum head and a small base. Both sides are covered with cowhide, resembling a flowerpot, hence its name.
樂器名稱:通通鼓/筒鼓
Instrument Name: Tom-Tom
通通鼓,又稱筒鼓,是一種圓筒形的雙頭鼓。它是打擊樂器中最基本和常見的元素之一,在各種音樂類型中扮演著重要的角色。
通通鼓由一個打開的圓筒鼓體和兩個鼓頭組成,通常是用木材或金屬製造。鼓體的大小不同,可以產生不同的音高。較大的通通鼓發出較低沉的聲音,較小的通通鼓則發出較高亢的音色。
通通鼓的演奏方式包括用鼓棒直接敲擊鼓頭。不同的敲擊力度和鼓棒的撞擊位置,都會影響到通通鼓的聲響效果。熟練的演奏者能夠靈活運用這些技巧,創造出各種節奏和音樂形式。
Tom-Tom:
The Tom-Tom, also known as the floor tom or simply the tom, is a cylindrical, double-headed drum that is one of the most fundamental and commonly used percussion instruments across various music genres.
The Tom-Tom consists of an open-ended cylindrical drum body and a pair of drum heads, typically made of wood or metal. The size of the drum body varies, which allows for the production of different pitches. Larger Tom-Toms produce a deeper, lower-pitched sound, while smaller Tom-Toms produce a higher-pitched and more resonant tone.
The Tom-Tom is played by striking the drum head directly with drum sticks. Variations in strike intensity and the point of impact on the head can significantly affect the resulting sound character. Skilled performers can manipulate these techniques to create a wide range of rhythmic patterns and musical expressions.
樂器名稱:達布卡 / 中東鼓
Instrument Name:Darbuka / Doumbek
中東鼓（Doumbek或Darbuka）又稱為阿拉伯鼓，是流行於北非和西亞等國家的手鼓。傳統的中東鼓使用木製鼓身、羊皮做鼓皮、用麻線捆綁調節鼓皮的音高，而中東鼓由黎巴嫩、埃及、土耳其等國家改良一般用鋁和黃銅做鼓身、用化學材料做鼓皮、用8顆內六角螺絲來調節鼓皮的音高，現代中東鼓由於鼓身是金屬材料製造的所以它的音色具有金屬聲音、明亮而尖鋭，在演奏時一般要加個低音的手鼓來綜合它較為“刺耳”的音色。
The Middle Eastern drum, also known as Doumbek or Darbuka, is a popular hand drum found in countries such as North Africa and West Asia. Traditional Middle Eastern drums typically have a wooden body, a goatskin drumhead, and are tuned using hemp ropes. However, the drums have been modified by countries such as Lebanon, Egypt, and Turkey. These modified versions generally feature an aluminum or brass body, a synthetic drumhead, and use eight hexagonal screws to adjust the drumhead's pitch. Due to the metal construction of the modern Middle Eastern drum, it produces a metallic, bright, and sharp sound. To balance its somewhat "piercing" tone, it is common to accompany it with a low-pitched hand drum during performances.
Note: The term "Middle Eastern drum" is sometimes referred to as "Arabic drum."
樂器名稱:邦哥鼓
Instrument Name:Bongo
邦哥鼓是一種源自古巴的圓筒形敲擊樂器,在拉丁音樂和爵士樂中扮演著重要角色。
邦哥鼓由兩個不同尺寸的木製鼓體組成,分別稱為小鼓(Macho)和大鼓(Hembra)。兩個鼓體由牛皮或山羊皮製成的鼓面蓋在上方。演奏時,使用手掌和手指在鼓面上敲擊,可以產生不同音高和音色的聲響。
邦哥鼓的特點在於它能夠同時演奏具有不同音高的兩個鼓音。小鼓發出較高的音色,大鼓則有較低沉的音質。熟練的演奏者能夠靈活運用雙手,在兩個鼓面上即興敲擊出複雜的節奏圖案。
The bongo is a pair of small, open-ended, barrel-shaped drums that originated in Cuba, and it plays a vital role in Latin music and jazz.
The bongo consists of two differently sized wooden drum bodies, referred to as the smaller drum (Macho) and the larger drum (Hembra). Both drum heads are made of cowhide or goatskin. The player strikes the drumheads with their palms and fingers to produce sounds of different pitches and timbres.
The distinctive feature of the bongo is its ability to simultaneously play two drums of different pitches. The smaller drum produces a higher-pitched sound, while the larger drum has a deeper, lower-pitched tone. Skilled performers can expertly use both hands to improvise intricate rhythmic patterns on the two drumheads.
樂器名稱:鈴鼓
Instrument Name:Tambourine
鈴鼓是一種節奏敲擊樂器,由一個圓形框架和附有金屬鈴片的皮革組成。當框架被拍打或搖動時,金屬鈴片會互相碰撞發出特有的聲響。
鈴鼓的歷史可以追溯到古希臘和古羅馬時代, 它曾被用於祭祀及宗教儀式中。後來隨著音樂的發展,鈴鼓被引入各種流派, 成為重要的打擊樂器之一。
Tambourine is a type of percussion instrument consisting of a circular frame with pairs of small metal jingles attached. When the frame is struck or shaken, the metal jingles collide to produce the tambourine's distinctive sound.
The tambourine has a long history dating back to ancient Greece and Rome, where it was used in religious and ceremonial rituals. As music evolved, the tambourine was incorporated into various musical genres and became an important percussion instrument.
馬鈴 Sleigh Bell
馬鈴是一種由一系列金屬鈴組成的敲擊樂器。它最早出現在19世紀的歐洲,最初被用於拉雪橇的馬匹上,用來發出清脆的鈴聲。
馬鈴通常由小型的金屬鈴串成一列,鈴鈴之間可能有皮革或金屬連接。鈴的材質通常為銅、黃銅或鋼，表面經過拋光或敲擊後會發出清亮悅耳的聲音。
演奏時,馬鈴可以用手搖晃或輕敲來發出節奏感強烈的鈴聲。它們的音色通常被描述為明亮、清脆、銀鈴般的。這種聲音在音樂中常被用來營造歡快、明朗或寒冷的氣氛。
Sleigh bells are a type of percussion instrument consisting of a series of metal bells. They first appeared in 19th-century Europe, where they were originally used on the harnesses of horses pulling sleighs, creating a bright, jingling sound.
Sleigh bells typically comprise a row of small metal bells, which may be connected by leather or metal strips. The bells are usually made of copper, brass, or steel, and their polished or hammered surfaces produce a clear, resonant tone.
The sleigh bells can be shaken or lightly struck, generating a strong rhythmic sound. The sound of sleigh bells is often described as bright, crisp, and bell-like. This distinctive tone is frequently used in music to evoke a festive, cheerful, or wintry atmosphere.
鐵沙鈴 Cabasa
鐵沙鈴是一種敲擊樂器,由一個圓筒狀的金屬網格罩和小金屬珠子組成。當罩子被滾動或搖晃時,金屬珠會撞擊金屬網格,發出獨特的沙沙聲。
鐵沙鈴最早起源於拉丁美洲和非洲,被用作簡單的節奏樂器。後來它逐漸被引入到爵士樂、拉丁音樂和流行音樂中,成為一種常見的打擊樂器。
鐵沙鈴的音色被形容為乾燥、粗糙、有節奏感的沙沙聲。這種聲音可以為樂曲增添一種節拍感和拉丁風情。樂手可以用手滾動或搖晃鐵沙鈴,產生不同的音色和節奏。
鐵沙鈴通常由金屬製成,可以是銅、鋼或鋁合金。罩子的網格可以是細密的金屬絲或較粗的金屬條。此外,有些鐵沙鈴還配有軟木或塑料拍手,可以產生更柔和的聲音。
The cabasa is a percussion instrument composed of a cylindrical metal mesh cage and small metal beads. When the cage is rolled or shaken, the metal beads strike the mesh, creating a distinctive, scratchy sound.
The cabasa originated in Latin America and Africa, where it was used as a simple rhythmic instrument. Over time, it was incorporated into jazz, Latin, and pop music, becoming a common percussive element.
The sound of the cabasa is often described as dry, gritty, and rhythmic. This sound can add a sense of propulsive rhythm and a Latin flavour to musical compositions. Musicians can roll or shake the cabasa to produce different timbres and rhythmic patterns.
Cabasas are typically made of metal, such as copper, steel, or aluminium alloy. The mesh cages can be constructed from fine metal wires or coarser metal rods. Some cabasas also feature soft wood or plastic handles, which can produce a more mellow sound.
樂器名稱:鈸
Instrument Name:Bo / Cymbal
鈸屬中國民樂中的打擊樂器，主要有大鈸和小鈸（鑔），它們是由兩個圓形的銅片（直徑由15厘米到69厘米不等）互相撞擊發聲的。它通常與鑼、鼓一起組成鑼鼓隊進行演奏。中國鈸亦有在西洋音樂裏出現，但其尺寸通常都在11厘米以下。
Cymbals, known as "Bo" in Chinese music, are percussion instruments commonly used in Chinese traditional music. They primarily include the large cymbal and small cymbal (known as "Cha"). They are composed of two circular bronze plates with diameters ranging from 15 centimeters to 69 centimeters, producing sound when struck against each other. Cymbals are often played together with gongs and drums as part of an ensemble. Chinese cymbals have also found their place in Western music, although their size is typically smaller, usually less than 11 centimeters in diameter.
樂器名稱:鐘鈴
Instrument Name:Almglocken
鐘鈴是一種傳統的高山牧區用於叮鐺響的金屬鐘鈴。它最早起源於歐洲阿爾卑斯山區,後來在敲擊樂器中也得到了廣泛應用。
鐘鈴由一個金屬製成的鐘體組成,當被敲擊時會發出一種悠揚清亮的鐘聲。鐘體的大小和金屬材質會影響到鐘聲的音高和音色特徵。較大的鐘鈴發出較低沉的聲音,較小的鐘鈴則發出較高亢的音調。
Almglocken are a traditional type of metal bell originating from the Alpine regions of Europe, which are used to create a melodic, ringing sound. These bells have subsequently been widely adopted as a percussion instrument.
The Almglocken consists of a metal bell-shaped body that produces a rich, resonant tone when struck. The size and metal composition of the bell affect the pitch and tonal characteristics of the sound. Larger Almglocken emit a deeper, lower-pitched tone, while smaller ones produce a higher, brighter sound.
樂器名稱:鐵片琴
Instrument Name: Bells/Glockenspiel
鐵片琴是一種金屬打擊樂器,由一排金屬片組成,通常是由鋼製成。當敲擊這些金屬片時,會發出清脆的音色。鐵片琴的音域通常位於中高音範圍,音色清晰、明亮、富有金屬質感。
鐵片琴的起源可以追溯到14世紀的歐洲, 當時它被稱為「鐵鐘琴」。隨著時間的推移,鐵片琴逐漸被引入到管弦樂團、爵士樂隊和其他音樂形式中, 成為一種常見的敲擊樂器。
Glockenspiel:
The glockenspiel is a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned metal bars or plates, typically made of steel. When these metal pieces are struck, they produce a bright, clear, and metallic-sounding tone.
The glockenspiel's origins can be traced back to the 14th century in Europe, where it was known as the "bell piano." Over time, the glockenspiel was gradually incorporated into orchestras, jazz ensembles, and other musical forms, becoming a common percussion instrument.
The glockenspiel is typically played by a musician using glockenspiel mallets, with the vibrations of the metal bars or plates generating the instrument's distinctive sound. Techniques include playing single notes, chords, and fast-paced melodic lines.
樂器名稱:鑼
Instrument Name:Gong
鑼是源自東亞和東南亞的一種打擊樂器。在中國，鑼是一種傳統打擊樂器，亦傳至漢字文化圈其他地區，由於是用銅合金製成，因此又稱銅鑼。鑼是一個扁平的圓形金屬圓盤，通常用槌擊打。它們可以大小不一，有時需要進行調音。可以分為大鑼、小鑼、鋩鑼、馬鑼、雲鑼、十面鑼等。
Gong is a percussion instrument originating from East Asia and Southeast Asia. In China, it is a traditional percussion instrument that has also spread to other regions in the Chinese cultural sphere. Due to being made of bronze or brass, it is also referred to as a bronze gong or brass gong. A gong is a flat, circular metal disc that is typically struck with a mallet. They can vary in size and sometimes require tuning. There are various types of gongs, including the bass gong, small gong, clapper gong, horse gong, cloud gong, and ten-sided gong, among others.
樂器名稱:阿哥哥鈴
Instrument Name:Agogo Bell
阿哥哥鈴是一種典型的西非敲擊樂器,由一對或多對呈V字形排列的金屬鈴組成。這些金屬鈴通常是由黃銅或青銅材質製成,具有寬廣的音域和清脆響亮的音色。
阿哥哥鈴的起源可以追溯到尼日利亞等西非地區的部落文化,最初用於宗教儀式和部落音樂中。在這些儀式和音樂中,阿哥哥鈴的節奏和音色能夠引發情感共鳴,增強社區凝聚力。
The Agogo Bell is a typical West African percussion instrument, consisting of a pair or multiple sets of V-shaped metal bells. These metal bells are typically made of brass or bronze, possessing a wide range and a crisp, resonant tone.
The origins of the Agogo Bell can be traced back to the tribal cultures of West Africa, particularly in regions like Nigeria, where it was initially used in religious rituals and tribal music. In these contexts, the rhythmic patterns and timbre of the Agogo Bell could evoke emotional responses and reinforce community unity.
牛鈴 Cowbell
牛鈴是一種由金屬製成的樂器, 形狀類似一個小型呼叫鈴或牲畜用的鈴鐺。它發出一種清脆、敲擊性強的聲音, 常被用於音樂中營造節奏感。
牛鈴最初起源於牧民在放牧時使用的鈴鐺,後來被引入音樂中,成為敲擊樂器的一種。它在拉丁音樂、爵士樂、搖滾音樂等流派中十分常見,可以用來演奏節奏、強調旋律, 或作為背景伴奏。
牛鈴的材質通常由金屬製成, 如鋼鐵或青銅。演奏方式為用木製鼓槌敲打鈴鐺,可以產生不同的音高和音色變化。
The cowbell is a percussion instrument made of metal, shaped like a small handheld bell or the kind used on livestock. It produces a bright, percussive sound and is commonly used in music to create a rhythmic feel.
The cowbell originated from the bells used by herdsmen to keep track of their livestock, and was later incorporated into musical performances as a percussion instrument. It is widely used in Latin music, jazz, rock, and many other musical genres, serving to play rhythms, accent melodies, or provide background accompaniment.
Cowbells are typically made of steel or bronze. They are played by striking the bell with a wooden stick, allowing for variation in pitch and timbre.
樂鞭 Whip/Slapstick
樂鞭是一種敲擊樂器,由一根木製成的長條狀物組成,當快速擺動時會發出響亮的「啪」的一聲。這種獨特的聲響常被用於幽默、戲劇性或喜劇性的音樂場景中。
樂鞭的起源可以追溯到古代亞洲和歐洲的民間音樂,當時它們被用作節奏標誌和聲效道具。19世紀時,樂鞭被引入管弦樂團,用於營造喜劇或戲劇性的音樂效果。
The whip/slapstick is a percussion instrument consisting of a long, flexible strip of leather or plastic that, when swung quickly, produces a loud, sharp "crack" sound. This distinctive sound is often used in humorous, dramatic, or comedic musical settings.
The origins of the whip/slapstick can be traced back to folk music traditions in ancient Asia and Europe, where it was used as a rhythmic marker and sound effect. In the 19th century, the whip/slapstick was incorporated into orchestra, employed to create comedic or dramatic musical effects.
雨聲器 Rainstick
雨聲器是一種模擬自然雨聲的敲擊樂器,它由一個中空的圓筒狀容器填充了諸如豆子、小石子或金屬珠子等顆粒物製成。當容器被倒置或緩慢旋轉時,顆粒物落下會發出類似雨滴落下的細微沙沙聲，而顆粒物的緩慢流動會發出柔和沙沙的聲響,逐漸加強或減弱。
雨聲器的起源可追溯到古代南美洲的原住民文化,他們最早將這種樂器用於宗教儀式和自然崇拜。後來隨著西方音樂家的探索和傳播,雨聲器逐漸受到世界各地音樂家的青睞,成為一件常見的敲擊樂器。
雨聲器以其獨特的自然音效而聞名,在環保音樂、冥想音樂和世界音樂中扮演著重要角色。它能夠營造寧靜、冥想的氛圍,增強聆聽者對大自然的感受。雨聲器的溫和悅耳的聲音也常被用於電影配樂、兒童音樂和療癒音樂中。
Rainstick:
The rainstick is a percussion instrument that mimics the sound of falling rain. It consists of a hollow, cylindrical container filled with small pellets such as beans, pebbles, or metal beads. When the container is inverted or slowly rotated, the pellets trickle down, creating a soft, soothing, raindrop-like sound, allowing the pellets to gently cascade down and produce a soft, rustling sound that gradually builds up or fades away.
The rainstick originates from the ancient indigenous cultures of South America, where it was first used in religious rituals and nature worship. Later, as Western musicians explored and popularised the instrument, the rainstick gained widespread recognition and usage among musicians around the world.
The rainstick is renowned for its unique natural sound effects and plays a significant role in environmental music, meditation music, and world music. It can create a serene, meditative atmosphere and enhance the listener's connection to nature. The rainstick's soothing, pleasant sound is also commonly used in film scores, children's music, and healing/therapeutic music.
棘輪 Ratchet
棘輪是一種簡單而獨特的打擊樂器,由一個齒輪機構和棒狀手柄組成。當手柄旋轉時,內部齒輪與支架互相摩擦,發出特殊的咔噠聲響。棘輪的聲音是不規則的、重複性的節奏聲。
棘輪最早出現在19世紀初期的西歐,被用於車輛和機器的操控系統。在20世紀初,一些音樂家開始將其引入音樂創作中,利用其獨特的聲音效果。
The ratchet is a simple yet unique percussion instrument, consisting of a gear mechanism and a stick-like handle. As the handle is rotated, the internal gears rub against the frame, producing a distinctive clicking or rattling sound.The sound of the ratchet is irregular, repeating rhythmic clicks with a slight metallic quality.
The ratchet first appeared in the early 19th century in Western Europe, where it was used as a control mechanism in vehicles and machinery. In the early 20th century, some musicians began incorporating the ratchet into their musical compositions, utilizing its unique sound effects.
樂器名稱:雲鑼
Instrument name:Yunluo
雲鑼是一種源自中國的打擊樂器，並傳至東亞其他地區，古代《元史》禮樂志中就有過記載，也叫雲璈，或九音鑼、九雲鑼。至今仍可見於南管、十番、笙管樂等等民間音樂。
雲鑼是由大小一樣但厚薄不同的鑼所組成，以三根繩懸掛在木框上，用木槌敲擊演奏。銅鑼面數不等，有十面、13、14、15、24、38面等，懸掛方式也不固定，有橫向兩排的，有三排的等，木框有帶架的，也有帶柄手執的，面數多的可以雙手用兩個槌演奏。定音、音域也不盡相同。
The Yunluo is a percussion instrument originating from China, which has spread to other regions in East Asia. It was documented in ancient Chinese literature such as the "Yuan Shi," also known as Yun'ao, or Jiu Yin Luo, Jiu Yun Luo. It can still be seen in traditional folk music such as Nanguan, Shifan, and Shengguan music.
The Yunluo is made up of gongs of the same size but varying thickness, suspended on a wooden frame with three ropes, and played by striking with wooden mallets. The number of gong faces varies, with versions having ten, 13, 14, 15, 24, 38 faces, etc. The hanging methods also vary, with some having two rows horizontally, three rows, etc. The wooden frames may have handles or be handheld, and instruments with more faces may be played with two mallets. The pitch and range also differ.
樂器名稱:非洲鼓
Instrument Name:Djembe
非洲鼓源自西非幾內亞地區,是一種具有悠久歷史的手鼓樂器。它由一個椅狀的空心木體和一個山羊皮鼓面組成,在敲擊時能發出低沉渾厚的鼓聲。
非洲鼓的演奏技巧獨特而富變化,包括用手掌拍擊、用手指敲擊、用手掌和手指相結合等多種奏法。熟練的演奏者可以在鼓面上產生不同的音色變化,如低沉的「空心」音、高昂的「脆響」音等。
The djembe is a traditional West African hand drum that has a rich historical legacy. Originating from the Guinea region in West Africa, the djembe consists of a bowl-shaped, hollow wooden body and a goatskin drumhead.
The playing technique of the djembe is unique and highly versatile, involving a combination of slapping with the palms, striking with the fingers, and various hand and finger combinations. Skilled performers can produce a wide range of tonal variations on the drumhead, from deep, resonant "bass" tones to high-pitched, crisp "slap" sounds.
樂器名稱:音樹 / 串鈴
Instrument Name: Bell Tree
音樹是一種敲擊樂器，由垂直嵌套的倒置金屬碗組成。 碗放置在垂直的桿上，大致按間距順序排列。 碗的數量大約是在 14 到 28 之間。有效的滑音是將三角錘、鐵片琴槌或木琴槌沿著樹的長度滑動而產生的。
The bell tree is a percussion instrument consisting of inverted metal bowls nested vertically. The bowls are placed on vertical poles, roughly arranged in pitched order. The number of bowls is approximately between 14 and 28.Effective glissando is produced by sliding a triangle beater, glockenspiel mallet, or xylophone mallet along the length of the tree.
樂器名稱:顫音琴
Instrument Name:Vibraphone
顫音琴是一種金屬敲擊樂器,由一排垂直排列的金屬管狀琴鍵組成,每個管狀琴鍵下方都有一個電動摩打驅動的風扇。顫音琴的特殊功能是在諧振器上方（以及條形桿下方）的一組小型電動風扇，這些風扇透過快速關閉和打開諧振器來產生顫音效果。踏板控制的製音器由每排小節下方的一條長毛氈組成，可以使小節靜音，從而可以演奏短音符和清晰的和弦系列。切斷風扇、改變風扇速度或使用硬木槌是改變顫音琴正常音質的其他方法。
顫音琴的發展歷史可以追溯到20世紀初,最早出現在爵士樂領域。它後來逐步被引入到古典音樂、流行音樂和電子音樂中,成為一種富有個性的打擊樂器。
現代顫音琴通常由高級合金製成,每個琴鍵可以獨立調音以獲得理想的音高和音色。演奏時,樂手使用特製的琴來敲擊鍵盤,同時可以控制風扇的速度和強度來調節音色的顫音效果。
The vibraphone is a metal percussion instrument consisting of a row of vertically arranged metal tubular keys. There is an electric motor-driven fan below each tubular key. A special feature of the vibraphone is a set of small electric fans above the resonators (and below the bars) that create a vibrato effect by rapidly closing and opening the resonators. The pedal-controlled damper consists of a long strip of felt beneath each row of bars that mutes the bars, allowing short notes and crisp chord series to be played. Cutting off the fan, changing the fan speed, or using a hardwood mallet are other ways to alter the normal sound quality of your vibraphone.
The history of the vibraphone can be traced back to the early 20th century, with its earliest use in the jazz music genre. It has since been incorporated into classical, popular, and electronic music, becoming a distinctive and versatile percussion instrument.
The modern vibraphone is typically made of high-quality metal alloys, with each bar or tube capable of being tuned independently to achieve the desired pitch and tonal quality. Performers use vibraphone mallets to strike the bars, while also controlling the speed and intensity of the fan-driven vibrato effect.
樂器名稱:馬林巴琴
Instrument Name: Marimba
馬林巴琴是一種由一排木製琴鍵組成的敲擊樂器。當這些木料琴鍵被敲打時,會發出溫暖、圓潤的音色, 音域涵蓋中低音到高音。
馬林巴的起源可以追溯到古代中美洲和非洲的民俗音樂,最早的實例可以追溯到公元前1500年。隨後,馬林巴琴被引入到20世紀早期的古典音樂中,並逐漸成為管弦樂團和室內樂團不可或缺的樂器。
現代馬林巴琴通常由一排斜置或橫置的木質琴鍵組成,下面有共鳴箱來增強音量。演奏時,樂手使用特製的琴槌敲擊琴鍵,可以演奏出多種風格的音樂,從輕柔的旋律到激烈的獨奏效果。
The marimba is a percussion instrument consisting of a series of wooden bars or keys arranged in the manner of a piano keyboard. When these wooden bars are struck, they produce a warm, rounded, and resonant tone, covering a range from mid-low to high pitches.
The origins of the marimba can be traced back to the traditional music of Central America and Africa, with the earliest known examples dating back to around 1500 BC. The marimba was later introduced into classical music in the early 20th century and has since become an indispensable instrument in orchestras and chamber ensembles.
The modern marimba typically features a row of wooden bars arranged either slanted or horizontally, with resonating chambers or boxes underneath to amplify the sound. Performers use marimba mallets to strike the bars, allowing them to play a wide range of musical styles, from delicate melodies to powerful solos.
沙的Piccolo Wood Block
南梆子Southern Wood Block
南梆子，又名卜魚、廣東板。是一種樂器。《清朝續文獻通考》：“卜魚之用等於點鼓或代拍板，南方之節樂器也。”是長方形木製中空體，長23—24.5、寬9、厚6釐米，中間為一長方形音孔，系雙面開長條形窄縫，內腔漸大。以用花梨木製作為佳。演奏時，左手持梆、右手執一竹籤或木棰敲擊。發音短促、圓潤、流行於中國南方，原用於粵劇伴奏和廣東音樂演奏，後也用於京劇樂隊。橫懸在板鼓的支架上，用鼓箭敲擊，伴奏高撥子唱腔。除在戲曲伴奏和器樂合奏中擊奏強拍外，也可用於表現馬蹄聲效果。
Southern Wood Block is a musical instrument. According to the "Continued Compilation of Documents from the Qing Dynasty," it states: "The use of Buyu is similar to that of Dian Gu or Dai Pai Ban, a southern-style musical instrument." It is a rectangular hollow wooden body, measuring approximately 23-24.5 cm in length, 9 cm in width, and 6 cm in thickness. It has a rectangular soundhole in the middle, with long narrow slits on both sides, gradually widening inside. It is preferably made of rosewood. During performance, the left hand holds the Bangzi, while the right hand holds a bamboo stick or wooden mallet for striking. It produces short, round, and resonant sounds, and is popular in southern China. Originally used for accompaniment in Cantonese opera and Guangdong music, it later became part of Peking Opera orchestras as well. It is suspended horizontally on a stand above the ban drum and struck with a drumstick, accompanying the Gaobazi singing style. In addition to playing strong beats in opera accompaniment and instrumental ensembles, it can also be used to simulate the sound of horse hooves.
碰鈴Bells / Pengling
碰鈴，古代稱鈴鈸。滿、蒙古、藏、納西、漢等族互擊體鳴樂器。藏語稱丁夏。碰鈴廣泛用於中國歌舞、戲曲音樂伴奏及民間器樂合奏中的打擊樂器。亦稱雙磬、鈴鈸等。用銅製做。因流傳地區的不同，在民間又有撞鈴、雙磬、聲聲、水水等名稱，陝西則稱甩子，也有簡稱為鈴的。
bbells, also known as Lingbo in ancient times, is a percussion instrument played by various ethnic groups such as Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan, Naxi, and Han. In the Tibetan language, it is called "Dingxia." Pengling is widely used as a percussion instrument in Chinese singing, dancing, opera music accompaniment, and folk instrumental ensembles. It is also referred to as Shuangqing or Lingbo. It is made of bronze. Due to regional variations in its transmission, it is known by different names in folklore, such as Zhuangling, Shuangqing, Shengsheng, Shuishui, and in Shaanxi, it is referred to as Shuaizi, or simply Ling.
顫音器 Vibraslap
由一條彎曲成U形的堅硬金屬線連接著一個木質球和一個內部有金屬「牙齒」的空心木盒子。演奏者用一隻手握住金屬線，用另一隻手敲擊木球（通常是擊打手掌）。木盒子作為共鳴體，內部裝有一個金屬機械裝置，上面固定著一些鬆散的銷釘或鉚釘，它們在與盒子相互摩擦時產生振動和咔嗒聲。
The vibraslap is a percussion instrument consisting of a piece of stiff wire (bent into a U-shape) connecting a wooden ball to a hollow box of wood with metal "teeth" inside. The percussionist holds the metal wire in one hand and strikes the ball (usually against the palm of their other hand). The box acts as a resonating body for a metal mechanism placed inside with a number of loosely fastened pins or rivets that vibrate and rattle against the box.
爵士鼓
Drum set / Drum kit
爵士鼓，是由一組不同音色的鼓與其他打擊樂器（通常是架在架子上的銅鈸）組成，並由單人演奏。以雙手握鼓棒、鼓刷或束棒，雙腳踩踏板控制hi-hat與大鼓鼓搥。因為從外觀上就像一排架子上掛着很多鼓。
The drum kit is a collection of drums and other percussion instruments, typically including cymbals mounted on stands. It is played by a single performer. The drummer holds drumsticks, brushes, or mallets in both hands and uses their feet to operate the hi-hat and bass drum pedals. The drum kit is named for its visual appearance, as it resembles a set of drums mounted on a rack.
甘美蘭
Gamelan
甘美蘭是印尼本土的敲擊合奏音樂，當中使用了大小、形狀不一的青銅敲擊樂器及一些木製樂器和弦樂器。每套甘美蘭樂器只有一位工藝師，因此其特性、外觀、顏色、音色和音律都是獨一無二，不可與其他甘美蘭樂器互換使用。除此之外，不同地區的甘美蘭在音色、樂器外觀、音律和演奏風格方面都各有不同。
Gamelan is the native percussion ensemble music of Indonesia. A gamelan is a set of instruments with a distinct identity, appearance, color, timbre and tuning. Each set of gamelan consists mostly of bronze percussion instruments of various sizes and shapes built by one maker with the addition of a few wooden and string instruments. Because of the uniqueness of each set, no two gamelans are identical, and instruments in different gamelan sets are not interchangeable. Different regional gamelan styles vary in terms of sound quality, appearance, tuning and performance styles.
蘇南十番鼓
Sunan Shifan Gu/Drum
蘇南十番鼓是無錫、蘇州一帶流行的一種吹打樂形式，流行於農民和佛家、道家當中，通常以套曲形式出現。鼓常作為獨奏段落（鼓段）穿插於樂曲中。
Sunan Shifan Drum is a popular wind and percussion music form in the Wuxi and Suzhou areas of China. It is prevalent among farmers as well as followers of Buddhism and Taoism, and it typically appears in the form of suites. The drum often serves as a solo section (drum segment) interspersed within the music.
蘭州太平鼓
Lanzhou Taiping Drum
蘭州太平鼓是一種具有濃郁西北風情的漢族鼓舞，主要流傳於甘肅蘭州、酒泉等地，因其含有慶賀太平的美好寓意，是當地人民最喜愛的表演形式之一。2006年，蘭州太平鼓入選第一批國家級非物質文化遺產名錄。
Lanzhou Taiping Drum is a vibrant Han ethnic drum dance with strong Northwestern characteristics. It is mainly practiced and performed in Lanzhou and Jiuquan, Gansu Province. Due to its auspicious symbolism of celebrating peace and harmony, it has become one of the most beloved performance forms among the local people.In 2006, Lanzhou Taiping Drum was included in the first batch of national-level intangible cultural heritage list.
行進敲擊樂隊/鼓樂隊 / 擊樂組
Marching percussion / Drumline
行進樂器是一種特別設計供移動演奏的打擊樂器（通常是鼓，如小軍鼓、大鼓和中音鼓）。這是通過將鼓固定在鼓手身上的特殊吊帶（也稱為攜帶器或架子）上來實現的，雖然並非所有行進樂隊都使用這樣的吊帶，有些樂隊仍然使用傳統的肩帶來懸掛鼓（例如英國軍隊仍然使用傳統的懸掛鼓方式）。
這些鼓被設計和調音，以實現最大的表達力和聲音投射，因為行進活動通常在戶外或大型室內空間進行。這些樂器被行進樂隊、鼓樂隊、號鼓隊、吹奏樂隊、室內打擊樂團和風笛樂團使用。行進樂隊中的打擊樂團常被稱為「鼓隊」或「擊樂組」。
Marching percussion instruments are percussion instruments (usually drums, such as snare, bass, and tenor drums) specially designed to be played while moving. This is achieved by attaching the drum(s) to a special harness (also called a carrier or rack) worn by the drummer, although not all marching bands use such harnesses and instead use traditional baldrics to sling their drums (the British Armed Forces, for instance, still use the old style of slung drums).
The drums are designed and tuned for maximum articulation and projection of sound, as marching activities are almost always outdoors or in large interior spaces. These instruments are used by marching bands, corps of drums, drum and bugle corps, fanfare bands, indoor percussion ensembles, and pipe bands. A marching percussion ensemble is frequently known as a "drumline" or "battery."
鋼鼓
Steelpan
鋼鼓是一種用汽油桶加工而成的具有不同音高的低、中、高新型敲擊樂器，用橡皮包頭的木錘擊奏，高音的邊框較矮，稱為鋼盤，中、低音的邊框較高，稱為鋼鼓。鋼鼓音色明亮，中音鋼鼓音色柔和，低音鋼鼓音色低沉。鋼鼓極少單獨使用，常以樂隊形式演出，用鋼鼓樂隊可以巧妙地模仿管風琴、木管、鋼管及絃樂器的音響效果。鋼鼓流行於中美洲加勒比海地區和南美洲圭亞那、蘇里南、委內瑞拉等國家的打擊樂隊。
Steelpan is a percussion instrument made from processed oil drums, producing different pitches including low, medium, and high tones. It is played by striking with wooden mallets that have rubber heads. The high-pitched sections have shorter rims and are called "steel pans," while the sections producing medium and low pitches have taller rims and are known as "steel drums." Steelpan have a bright and vibrant tone, with the medium-pitched Steelpan having a softer and mellow sound, and the low-pitched Steelpan producing deep and resonant tones.
Steelpan are rarely used as standalone instruments and are commonly performed as part of a band. Steelpan band can skillfully emulate the sound effects of organs, woodwinds, brass instruments, and string instruments. Steelpan are popular in the Caribbean region of Central America and countries such as Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela in South America, where they are often used in percussion ensembles.
馬來手鼓/ 贡邦
kompang
Kompang 是一種傳統的巴厘島和爪哇島的樂器，屬於印尼東爪哇省波諾羅戈地區的鑼鼓系列樂器。Kompang至少可以追溯到印尼的8世紀，並傳播到印尼的各個地區以及東南亞的其他地方，如新加坡、馬來西亞、汶萊和泰國，後來被稱為Kompang Jawa（爪哇鑼鼓）。
Kompang is a traditional Balinese and Javanese musical instrument part of gamelan in the percussion family originated from the Indonesian region of Ponorogo in East Java. Kompang has existed in Indonesia since at least the 8th century and has spread to various regions of Indonesia as well as the Southeast Asia in general, such as Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei and Thailand, which later became known as Kompang Jawa.